Introduction: soil is one of the most important natural resources which supports the growth of plantation on the surface of the earth. It provides all the basic requirements of our life. It is the home for many organisms soil is essential for agriculture which provides food clothing and shelter for all other animals.

Composition of soil 

The composition of soil is different in different types of soils. It depends upon the type of rock from which it is formed. Soil contain the following components: 

1 *. Mineral particles 

These particles determine the type of soil there are three types of mineral particle present in the soil.

1. Inorganic substances.

2. Organic substances ( Humus ).

3. Loving organisms .

4. Soil water 

5. Air.

6. Soil profile. (1) A- Horizon. (2) Horizon -B.(3) Horizon C