Step _1:  start.             Step -2: fill the kettle with water.         Step _ 3:  Plug the kettle into the electricity point.         Step -4: Boil the water.                           Step - 5: Fetch the cup.                              Step-6: Put a tea bag in the cup.                   Step -7: Pour boiling water in the cup.         Step-8: Add sugar and stir.                        Step -9: Add milk and stir.                         Step -10: Take out the tea bag.

 {. Algorithm program and flowcharting. }            

As you know that although a computer is a versatile and powerful machine and do a variety of things but still it doesn't know what to do on its own. Solving a problem on the computer can be quite a complex phenomenon. A user might make a mistake or forget some statements in solving the problem. This to avoid any mistake in the program it should be planned in advance. The logic of problem should be very clear before you undertake the work on computer. Now this logic can be facilitated by the use of an algorithm or a program or a flowchart.                                                      {  Algorithm }    

An algorithm is a step by step  demonstration of data processing orbproblem solving this page will introduce the definition types and applications of algorithm.

Planning for Development 

Lifting india and Indians out of poverty and building a modern technical and industrial base were among the major objectives of the new nation. In 1950 the goverment set up a planning commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development there was a broad agreement on WhatsApp was called a mixed economy model here both the state and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs WhatsApp specifically, these roles were to be which industries should be initiated by the state and which by the market how to achieve a balance between the different regions and states was to be defined by the planning commission.           Some felt that it had put inadequate emphasis on agriculture. Others argued that it had neglected primary education. Still others believed that it had not taken account of the environmental implications of economic policies. As Mahatma Gandhi follower Mira behn wrote in 1949 by science and machinery he mankind may get huge returns for a time but ultimately will come desolation we have got to study nature balance and develop our lives within her laws if we are to survive as a physically healthy and morally decent species.        The search for an independent foreign policy. 

India after independence 

A New and Divided Nation

when India became independent in August 1947 it faced a serious of very great challenges as a result of partition 8 million refugees had come into the country from what was now Pakistan. These people had to be found homes and jobs then there was the problem of the princely states. States almost 500 of them each ruled by a maharaja or a nawab each of whom had to be persuaded to join the new nation the new nation the problems of the refugees and of the princely states had to be addressed immediately. In the longer term the new.

The United States this right had been  granted  in stages First only men of property had the vote. Then men who were educated were also added on .working class men bitter struggle of their own American and British women  were granted the vote. On the other hand soon after Independence India chose to grant this right to all its citizens regardless of gender class or education. A second feature of the constitution was that it guaranteed equality became the law to all citizens regardless of their caste or religious affiliation there were some Indians who wished that political system of the new nation be based on Hindu  ideals and that  stats there to example of Pakistan a country created explicitly to the distance .

Online commerce strategies and solution 

Internet has changed the means and ways of business in past few years. Shortly we shall see further changes in the methodologies of e- business. One will feel handicapped if he is not conducting business online ( throughout the internet) it will be just like a business enterprise not having a telephone connection in present era. We have heard much about online commerce to which most people presume as doing business on internet itself online commerce is above that there are various kinds of online e commerce such as business to business to customer etc. success or even survival of a business department upon the ability to an organisation to become apartment of global network.

More on c++

    Programming style

If we write a program in an organized manner the programming as follows.                 Meaningful names for ibentifiers    Identifiers identify different parts of a c++ program. It is therefore necessary that they meaningful names. The following guidelines would help while dealing with Identifiers.                   (a) Give meaningful names to all Identifiers, namely variables functions and procedures etc. for example total marks - sub1+ sub2+ sub3;  where total marks refer to sun of total marks of different subjects. 

(b) Never used similar names like temperature and temporary they create confusion.

 Ensure clarity of experience 

Expression carry out the specified action they must therefore be clearly understood by the user clarity of expressions should never be compromised.

Use comments and indentation

Comments play a very important role as they provide internal doumentation of a program. Indentation makes the statements clear and readable. Sometimes commerce and indentation are not used to save program writing time but remember there should not be any compromise on readability are understandability. In c++ comments are given earlier by or brackets.                                            Statement for matting style 

C++ is one of those languages which provides use free formatting style ( i.e. any number of statement can be written in one line using a statement separator). For example program to print number from 1 to 100 with statements. Include< iostream.h >  

Void main {} { for ( int - i- 1: i- 100 , i++ ) cout <<i<< end1;}                     It is obvious from the above program that it is not readable and understandable. It is obvious that the above program is easily readable and understandable. So statement formatting should be used in order to make your program easy to understand. A program can be evaluated on many accounts such as efficiency flexibility reliability portability etc some of the important characteristics of a good program are displayed below.

Introduction to flash

Flash is a vector animation software originally designed to create animated for display on web pages. Vector graphics are ideal for the web because they are so light weight. Flash is a multimedia graphics program specially for use on the web. Flash enables you to create interactive movies in the web.                Flash uses vector graphics which means that graphics can be scaled to any size without losing clarity. It does not require programming skills and is easy to learn. Macromedia has made flash more and more controllable via programming where they have it positioned as a competitor to HTML to build interactive websites and applications such as an e commerce store macromedia media argues that flash the way to go instead to HTML because of the following flash movies load taster and save on download time because flash is a vector based where as where as HTML is not.    1. Click on start button to select programs.      2. From the sub menu select macromedia.           

Online commerce strategies and solution 

Internet has changed the means and ways of business in past few years. Shortly we shall see further changes in the methodologis of e-business. One will feel handicapped if he is not conducting business online ( throughout the internet ). It will be just like a business enterprise not having a telephone connection in present era. We have heard much about online commerce to which most people presume as doing business on internet. Infact online commerce is above that are various kinds of online commerce such as business to business to customer etc.

Metals and non metals 

Introduction 

Elements can be classified on the basis of similarities and differences in their properties one of the most useful classifications is to categorise the elements as metals and non metals. Elements form both of there categories are used in our day to day life.                        ( Metals and non metals )      A metal is a substance that is hard malleable ductile shiny and sonorous and a good conductor of heat and electricity. Examples of metals are iron lead copper aluminium gold and silver.                                A non metals is a substance that lacks malleable ductile luster sonority and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Examples of non metals are graphite diamond sulphur and oxygen.                                    ( Physical properties of metals and non metals.)     

Physical properties are virtues that describe the physical appearance of a substance.   

1*. Physical.                            Almost all metals are solid at room temperature. Mercury and gallium are examples. There metals are liquid at room temperature. All non metals are solid or gases at room temperature. Bromine is an examption. It is liquid at room temperature.                            2.        Hardness                      Metals are hard sodium and potassium are exceptions. They are soft and can be cut with a knife .                     Metals arealleable. Metals like aluminium can be made into thin sheets to be used for various purposes like packing and storing food. Non metals are not malleable. They break into pieces when hammered.       3.  Lustre.                                Lustre is the property by virtue of which a substance shines or glows.                      Metals are shiny and they glow this is the reason why metals like gold and and silver are used to make jewellery non metals lack luster .

[The World of Microbes ]

(Introduction )

Amount all forms of living  organisms existing on the there are few that you can see with your naked eyes wheras there are many others that you fail to see with your naked eyes. These living organisms that you fail to see with your naked eyes are called micro organisms.                                              (   Microbes.     )                  A short word for micro organism is Microbes microbiology is the branch of science that deals with study of micro organisms.                   Microbes can survive in almost every kind of environment hot water icy water salty water deserts marshes and stormy areas. Not only that they are present in the human body and also in decomposed organisms matter. Some Microbes  living as parasites on the bodies of other living beings. Generally the body of a Microbes is covered with a hard covering this covering  is  called a cyst.  ( Common features of Microbes )

1. Most Microbes can survive in all kinds of environment hot cold salty sweat and sulphuric.