Cyber society (cyber society) 

Cyber society ek aisi duniya hai Jahan log internet aur digital takniki madhyam se aapas mein jodte hain, batchit karte hain, kam karte hain aur sikhate Hain, jismein online gaming samuday aur E-commerce Shamil hai, yah sirf ek takniki hi nahin balki ek samajik vyavastha hai,

Jahan logon ki Suraksha , niriksha aur jagrukta jaruri hai, jiske liye Kai sangathan Jaise cyber society, of India society ,security society jagrukta failate hain aur cyber raksha ko badhava dete Hain, taki log digital duniya mein surakshit rahe|

Cyber society ka kya Arth hai: 

Cyber Shabd ka matlab computer internet, computer network, aur aabhasi vastvikata(virtual reality) se Judi kisi bhi chij say hai, yah ek upsarg(prefix) hai jo suchna praudyogiki (It) se judaa ta hai Jaise cyber Suraksha,(digital humlon se bachao ya cyber space internet ka aabhasi  Kshetra mein.

Cyber difference ka matlab kya hota hai: 

Cyber khatron ki lagatar  badalti duniya mein, ham log ki turant pahchan karna aur ine per 24/7 pratikriya Dena behtar jaruri hai| ine foreguard iver defence ki service ki sarvoch,

Prathmikta aapke pure buniyadi dhancho ki nigrani karna hai taki cyber ham log ka turant pata lagaya ja sake, aur unse safaltapoorvak bachava Kiya ja sake|

AI artificial intelligent ya kritrim buddhimata=

Yah ek aise takniki hai jo  machinon aur computer ko insanon ki tarah sochne, sikhane samasyaon Ko suljhane,  nirnay Lene aur bhasha samajhne jaise kamon mein saksham hai/

Jo Keval pahle buddhimata se sambhav hai, yah machine learning deep learning Jaise Kai up-ekshiro ka ek Vishal Kshetra hai jiska Lakshya insanon ki kshamtao dohrana aur unhen badhana hai/

A. I kya hai aur kaise kam karta hai?

• Manviya kshatron ki nakal: 

• AI ka mukhya Lakshya insanon ko machinon ki tarah sochana , sikhanaha hai Jaise pattern pehchana, tark karna aur nai jankari se sikhana/

• Data or algorithm:

AI algorithm deta or algorithm Shakti ka upyog karta hai; yah Vishal data Seth se sikhata hai taki vah bhavishyavaniya kar sake, ya jatil karya kar sake Jaise tasviron mein kutte ya Billi mein antar karna/

Mukhya up- Kshetra

Machine learning (ML)

AI ka ek hissa Jo system ko data se khud sikhane ya samay ke sath Apne pradarshan karne mein madad karta hai.

Deep learning(deep learning) 

Machine learning ka ek unnat Jo jatil data Jaise (image aur sound ko samajhne ke liye neural network ka upyog karta hai/

Generative ( AI generative)

AI text image ,video,aur code Jaisi nahin samagri banane mein saksham hai, Jaise (chat GPT)

(AI) kyun mahatvpurn hai:

• Ai vyavsay ko behtar nirnay Lene, grahak Anubhav ko behtar banane aur sanchalan ko subahchalit karne mein madad karta hai.
• Yah vyaktigat jivan mein bhi Kranti la raha hai, jisse kaam aasan aur Tej ho raha hai.

Bharat mein AI ke Janak kaun the: 

Dr. Raj Reddy Jo during puraskar ( 1994) prapt karne Wale pahle Asian hai, Bharat mein AI ke Janak Mane jaate Hain| 26 June 2025

(A.I) ka fayda: 

Kartim buddhimata AI ke Kai fayde hain, jaise karyon ka swachalan (auto-mation) utpadakta aur satikta mein vriddhi,24/7 uplabdhta , aur data vishleshan mein teji, yah swasthya (rogon ka pata lagana), shiksha (vyaktigat shiksha), parivahan self (driving car) aur grahak seva ( chetbox) Jaise, kshetron mein Kranti la rahi hai sath hi khatarnak kamon mein insanon ki jagah lekar Suraksha badha rahi hai, aur rachnatmak karya karne mein madad kar rahi hai,jisse dakshata aur navachar badh Raha hai|

Kuchh gharelu aur diya tha unke upay 

Ghar mein chhoti Moti bimari athva durghatnayen hoti rahti hai atah kuchh gharelu mukt Kiya ja sakta hai ya urja nimnalikhit hai-

Yah bahut acchi gharelu aushdhiyan hai Inka upyog karna bahut achcha hota hai/

Prastavana (introduction) 

Koshika jivan ki rachnatmak AVN kriyatmak ikai hai kyunki yah vibhajit hokar apni hi Jaise anek koshikayen banati hai jisse saji vah ke sharir ka Nirman hota hai ismein vah sabhi bhautik rasayanik AVN aanuvanshik suchnaen Sangharsh hoti hai jo use Swatantra roop se jivit rakhti hai robot rokane ine sanrachnaon ko dur celoola kaha hai sansar mein upsthit pratyay vastu ka Nirman ikaiyon se hua hai padarth ki mulya ka yah parmanu automs ya Anu kahlate Hain/

​​​​Koshika sabhi jivo ki Mul ikai Hoti hai iski Rachna anekonshikaon ke dwara hote hain koshikaon kya karte aur Aakar unke Vishesh karyon ke anurup hote Hain koshikangon ke Karan hi koi koshika jivit rahti hai aur apne sabhi karya karti hai isliye koshika ko jivan kisanrachnatmak aur kriyatmak ikai kahate Hain/

Koshika ki Khoj (discovery of cell)

Koshika ki Khoj robot nation 1665 isvi mein ki thi usne court ki patali kat ko nirmit sukshamdarshi se avlokan karne per Paya ki ismein anek छोटे-छोटे per post hai jiski sanrachna madhumakkhi ke chhatte Jaisi pratit Hui ine prakoshthon ko Robert rokane koshika Naam Diya/

Koshika Latin Shabd hai jiska Arth hai Chhota Kamra samanya Drishti mein uprokt ghatna chhoti tatha Arth Ho lekin vigyan ke itihaas mein yah ek bahut hi mahatvpurn ghatnayen is prakar sarvpratham hook main dekha ki sajeevon mein अलग-अलग ekak units hote hain ine ekakon ka varnan karne ke liye jeev vigyan mein koshika Shabd ka upyog aaj tak Kiya jata hai/

​​​​​​Sajeev ki Rachna (leaving structure)​​​​​​

​​ Sajeev vastu ek sangathit sanrachna hai yah koshikiy ho sakta hai jaise ki jivanu ko shikayat Bahu ko sikhiye jaise ki janwar aur paudhe jo Kai koshikaon se Bane hota hai/  koshika kisi jeev ya jivan ki mulbhut jaivik ikai hai koshika dwara vibhinn koshikayen prakriya se sampann ki jaati hai/ teen gatividhiyon se aap yah swayam sthapit kar payenge ki koshika sabhi jivo ki sanrachnatmak ikai hai/

Sajeev koshika ka sanrachnatmak sangathan (structures origination of living cell)

Yah sajeev aur nirjiv donon tarah ki ikaiyon se milkar Bani Hoti hai ek samanya koshika ya paraRupik koshika ke mukhya teen bhag hote Hain- koshika varan, koshika dravya, AVN  kendrak/

Koshika varn koshika ka sabse bahar ka aavran ya ghera hai padap koshika mein koshika bhitti aur koshika jhilli milkar koshika varnan ka Nirman karte hain vibhinn prakar ke pyaj ko yadi sukshamdarshi ki sahayata se dekha jaaye to sabhi ki sanrachna ek saman hi pratit honge pyaj ke Aakar se Inka koi sambandh nahin hai yah छोटी-छोटी sanrachnaen hi pyaj ki mulbhut ikai hai jinhen koshika sel ki sankhya Di gai hamare aaspaas jitne bhi jivdhari dikhai dete Hain ve sabhi inhin koshikaon se milkar Bane Hain/

Vaigyanikon ne sukshamdarshi ki sahayata se koshika ka gahan adhyayan Kiya koshika ka itihaas sukshamdarshi se juda hua hai kyunki koshika ka adhyayan tatha uske sanrachna ka adhyayan kar pana sukshamdarshi ki sahayata se hi sambhav Ho Paya/

kosihika sidhant (cell theory)

German padap vaigyanik Salai Den tatha Theodore Shvan Namak vaigyanikon ne San 1838 1829 mein koshika ka adhyayan karke bataya ki koshika sajeevon ki rachnatmak AVN kriyatmak ikai hai nai koshika ki utpati pahle se maujud koshikaon se Hoti hai sabhi sajeevon ka sharir ek yane koshikaon se banaa hota hai/ pratyek koshika ka Nirman sajeev dharvi jeev se hua hai is Siddhant ke Pramukh Bindu nimnalikhit Hain---

• Pratyek jeev Dhari hai kya anek koshikaon se milkar banaa hai/
• Purani koshikaon ke vibhajan se nai ko shikay banti hai/
• Koshika jivo ki kriyatmak ikai hoti hai/
• Koshika jeev ke sharir ke aanuvanshikikai hoti hai

ek koshikiy tatha bahu koshikiy jeev ​​​​​​​ (unicellular and multicellular organisam)

Ek koshika jeev hai jeev hote hain jinmen Keval ek hi koshika sel Hoti hai adhiktar ek koshkiy jeev ko dekhne ke liye sukshamdarshi microscope ki avashyakta hoti hai halanki lagbhag ek darjan ek ho sake jeev aise bhi Hain jinhen sahitya aankhon se dekha ja sakta hai amiba, paramecium euglena tatha bacteria jaise jivo mein jeev sharir ek koshika ka banaa hota hai jeev ki sabhi jaivik kriyaen Keval ek koshika dwara hi sampann ki jaati hai aise jeev ek koshkiy jeev kahlate Hain/

ek Bahu koshkiy jeev koshikaon ka ek samuchay Matra nahin hai ismein koshika bhi nahin karya sampann karne ke liye vibhedit (differentiarted) Hoti hai yah jaivik karya sampuran karne ke liye adhik prabhavi roop se Daksh hote Hain/

Bahukoshiki jeev (multicellular organism) main Naam ke anurup inmein bahut se kay paye jaati hai yah koshikayen samahit hokar vibhinn karyon ko sambodhan karne ke liye vibhinn ko AVN angon ka Nirman Karti hai sabhi koshikayen apni purvarti koshikaon se hi utpann Hoti hai/ arthat koshika vibhajan koshikaon ka vishisht gun hai pratyek Bahu koshkiy jeev apni jivan Yatra ekmatra koshika se hi prarambh karta hai koshika mein barnbar vibhajan hone se Bahu koshkiy jeev viksit ho jata hai/ kavak (fungi) sabhi padap AVN jantu bahukoshikiy jivon ke udaharan Hain/

Bahukoshi ke jivan mein uttarjivita ke adhik avsar bhi hota hai unke koshikaon mein Paya jaane wala shram vibhajan (division off labour) unhen adhik Daksh banata hai/

Koshikaon ki aakrati tatha parimap (shape and size off cells)

Vriddhi aur vibhedan ke sath koshikao Kiya karte hue bhi nir prakar ki Ho jaati hai yadhyapi Ko shikay mukhya do prakar ki vah falak jismein Vyas ek saman hota hai aur lambi Hoti hai Bahu falak roop koshikaon ke aapas mein dabav se ban jaate Hain sadharantaen ko sikhayen kintu avashyakta anusar Wale upkaran hai jinka upyog atyant chhoti vastu ke prefection hetu Kiya jata hai udaharan koshika sukshamdarshi dwara ek koshika ke Aakar ko 300-1500 guna avdhik Kiya ja sakta hai/

Koshikaon ki aakruti tatha Aakar unke Vishesh karyon ke anurup hote hain kuchh koshikayen apna Aakar badalti rahti hai/ Jaise ek koshika amiba kuchh jivon mein koshika ka Aakar lagbhag sthir rahata hai/ aur pratyek prakar ki koshika ke liye vishisht hota hai udaharan ke liye-tantrika koshika/

Koshika parimap mein adhiktar suksham Hoti hai/  atah ya Keval sukshamdarshi dwara hi dikhai deti hai/ Inka Vyas adhiktar 0.5 20 um tak hota hai/

Jadon mein tantrika koshikayen to कभी-कभी 1-1.5 meter Tak lambi ho sakti hai shuturmurg (ostrich ) ka ek anda Jo ek koshika hi hai lagbhag 15 semi Vyas ka hota hai yah Sabse badi koshika sanrachna hai/

Koshika sankhya (number of cells)- ek koshkiy jeev Jaise amiba, paramesium, Yuglina ka sharir Keval ek koshika ka banaa hota hai jabki Bahu koshik ke jivan mein koshikaon ki sankhya karodon Tak ho sakti hai/

Koshika ka sanrachnatmak sangathan  (Structural organisation of cell)

Koshika ke vishisht Ghatak koshikang hote hain yadi koshika ka adhyayan sukshamdarshi dwara Kiya jata hai to ham dekhte hain ki koshika mein teen prakar ke gun paye jaate Hain--

• ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Plasma Delhi (plasma membrane)
• Kendrak​​​​​ (nucleus)​​​​
• Koshika dravya (cytoplas)

Yahi teen Ghatak koshika ke  karyatmak akshytar hai, jo koshika ke jivit avastha banae rakhne ke liye uttardai hai/

Plasma ya koshika jhilli (plasma aur Shahar membrane)

Plasma ya koshika jhilli koshika ki sabse Bhari parat hoti hai jo koshika ko bahar ke paryavaran se alag Karti hai yah Delhi kuchh prakar ke padarthon ke awagaman mein sahayak Hoti hai arthat kuchh padarthon ko andar ya bahar aane jaane deti hai plasma jhilli kuchh padarthon ki gati ko Mandir ya rokane ka karya bhi Karti hai jis Karan se varnatmak pargamya jhilli bhi kahte Hain/ 

Jilli ke karya (foundation of cell membrane) 

Koshika jhilli ke mukhya karya nimn hai-

• Yah vibhinn padarthon ke koshika mein awagaman ki prakriya ko niyantrit karti hai/
• Yah bahari tarah AVN thos padarthon ko Charon or se gher kar koshika mein rakhti hai Jahan Inka pachan hota hai yah koshika se utsarji padarthon ko bahar nikaalne ka bhi karya karti hai/

Koshika bhitti (cell wall)

Padap koshikaon mein plasmaliya koshika jhilli ke atirikt ek parat aur Hoti hai jise koshika bhitti kahate Hain aise log nahin Hoti hai aise log ek bahut jatil padarth hai jo paudhon ko sanrachnatmak dradhta pradan Karta hai koshika bhitti ka nibandh likhit bhag hote Hain/

• Madhya Patlika (needle lambla)-yah pack teen pack aur vah heated ka banaa star hai jo koshika bhittiyon Ko jodta hai/
• Raat mein koshika bhitti (primary  cell wall)-Madhya Patrika ke donon or cellulose ki patali chaukidar parat prarthiyon koshika bhitti hoti hai/
• Dwitiya koshika bhitti (secondary cell wall)-yah cellulose likhni ki Bani apeksha karte Moti tatha prathmik vyakti ki vitarit satah per sthir hoti hai/
• Tritiya koshika bhitti (tertiary cell wall)-yah sukhe parvaton plasma ka banaa star hai/

Inke atirikt koshika bhitti mein leni ki uten calcium selesak AVN Kai khanij padarth Jaise silika calcium oxlate bhi upsthit hote Hain/

Koshika bhitti mein jagah jagah paye jaane wale sukshm kshetron se ek koshika dusre koshika se Judi rahti hai ine kshetron ko jeev dravya tantu ko kahate Hain inke dwara koshikaon ke Madhya khad padarthon ka parinaam hota hai/

Sant raidas ka jivan Parichay

Bhakt  kabhi Na Das ne apni Rachna bhaktamaal mein Kabhi Rone Das ko Ramanand ka shishya bataya hai swayam raidas ne bhi Ramanand mohi Guru Milo kah kar iski pushti ki hai,/ 

Kabir janm samvat 1456 San 1398 isvi aur raidas samkalin thehre Das aaye mein unse kuchh chhote the is Aadhar per nirdas ka janm samvat 1456 isvi 1399 isvi ke aaspaas man Lene per unke Ramanand ka shishya aur Kabir ka samkalin hone ki pushti Ho jaati hai/

Ramanand ke shishya Chetan Das dwara samvad 1505 Mera Chitra prasang parijat mein unka janm kal yahi swikar Kiya Gaya hai sada samprday mein yah vyapak Vishwas hai ki unka janm Purnima ke din ravivar ko hua tha isiliye vah unka Naam Ravidas bhi swikar karte Hain raidas ke janm sthan ke vishay mein bhi anek mat per chalit hai jinka sar yahi nikalta hai ki Inka janm Kashi mein ya Kashi ke aaspaas kisi sthan per hua tha/

Unke pita ka naam Raghu aur Mata ka naam dur baniya ya Karma tha logon mein yah bhi Vishwas per chalit hai ki inki patni ka naam lo na yah Lo Na tha kahate Hain ki chittod ki nani Chali inhen apna Guru mante the Rani ne unke Samman mein ek bada lok- bhoj diya/

Is bhoj mein brahmanon ne yah kahkar bhojan karne se inkar kar diya ki ham Bina janeudhari raidas ke sath bhojan nahin kar sakte is per raidas ne apni tvacha chir kar usmein se Sone ka chane vah nikal kar sabko vismit kar diya kahate Hain ki janeu ki chamak se sabhi ki Aankhen band Ho gai aur raidas keval apne pad chhin chhod kar villain Ho Gaye chittod ki Rani ne unki Smriti mein vahan ek smarak bhi banvaya yahan se smarak aaj raidas ki chhatri ke Naam se prasiddh hai/

Bhakt Kavi  AnantDas ne unke samay sarvat 1584 San (1527)  isvi aur sthan chittod batate hue likha hai-

​​​​​​1500 chau asi, bhai chittoor mahn bheer|

Jar -jar de Kanchan bhai, Ravi Ravi milliyo sharir,

Not=sant Ravidas ke jivan kal ka yah nirdharan sahitya akadami dwara prakashit Bhartiya sahitya ke nirmata rahata shirshak se prakashit pustak ke Aadhar per Kiya gaya hai/

Sant raidas ne swayam kisi Kavya ki Rachna Apne hathon se nahin ki hai unke Bhagat shishyon ne unke Vani ko lipibaddh karke prakashit karaya inke footkar padwani naam se sankalit hai Aadi Guru Granth Sahib mein inke 40 pad aur ek Doha sankalit hai jinki pramanikta per kisi Ko sandeh nahin hai velvet year press Allahabad se prakashit raidas ji ki Vani mein 84 pad aur 6 kya hai Aacharya azad  Ji ne vibhinn shirshakon se 198 sathiya Ravidas Darshan Naam Beni Prasad Sharma ne 177 pad aur 47 sankhya Pramanik roop se sampadit karne ka prayas Kiya/

[ Partayek vyakti ka jeevan amulay hai/  iska koi vikalp nahi ho sakta/  jab hum ghar se baahar sadak par niklate  to Durghatano ki aashankao ke chalte hamara jeevan jindagi ki kashmash ke bich daav par laga hota hai/ sadak par chalte jeevan par mandaraate is khatre ko hum sadak-suraksha awam yaatayaat ke niyamo ka paalan karke yadi samaapt nahi kar sakte to nyuntam avshay kar sakte hai/sadak durghatnaon AVN  unse hone wali mauton ka sabse mukhya Karan yatayat ke niyamon ki jankari ka bhav aur un niyamon ka palan n karna hi hai/log in niyamon ko jaane, samjhe, unka palan Karen aur dusron Ko bhi unke palan ke liye prerit Karke sadak yatayat ko surakshit banane mein Sahyog Karen, yahi is paath ke pathykram mein sammilit karne ka mukhya uddeshy hai/]

Yatayat do shabdon se milkar banaa hai,'yat+ayat;' jiska Arth hai-aana-jaana/ prachin kal se hi Manav- sabhyata ke samast jivan shaili awagaman per hi nirbhar hai/ aadhunik kal mein badhate sansadhan AVN Vikas Kshetra ko dekhte hue Desh mein hi nahin sampurn Vishva mein yatayat se sambandhit mahatvpurn niyam banae gaye hain kyunki inse naya Keval aata hai aap sugam banta hai balki sadak durghatna se hone wale bhaiya vah khatron se bhi bacha ja sakta hai/ 

aam Janata khas taur se Yuva varg ke logon mein adhik jagrukta laane ke liye ise Shiksha samajik jagrukta ityadi aayamon se Joda Jana parasangik hai/  kyunki Vishva mein sadak yatayat mein mote aur jakhmi hona ek sadharan ghatna ho gai hai / Vishva swasthya sangathan ke anusar prati varsh 10 lakh se adhik sadak-hadso ke shikar vyaktiyon ki maut Ho jaati hai/

Hadson se bachne ke liye yatayat ke niyamon ka palan karna ati avashyak hai/ iske Gyan ke bhav mein AVN sucharu roop se palan n karne ke Karan Bharat mein pratyek varsh 1,40,000 se adhik vyakti sadak - durghatna mein mare jaate Hain/ aisi wicket paristhitiyon ki bhayavata ka anuman is baat se Laga ja sakta hai ki Vishva bhar ke kul vahanon mein se Keval ek pratishat hi vahan Bharat mein hai jabki Vishva ki kul sadak durghatna se 10% hadse Bharat mein hote Hain/

"Vidambna yah hai ki koi niyam tab tak Apne Lakshya Ko nahin prapt kar sakta jab tak palan Karta use atmasaat karne ki koshish Na Karen"/

Sadak yatayat ke niyam vivekpurn hote hain aur unka vivekpurn palan karna bhi avashyak hota hai/  sadak per chalne walon ki Suraksha ke liye anek kanuni AVN niyam banae gaye hain jinka palan karna pratyek nagrik ka dayitv hota hai/  jisse har koi surakshit Ghar pahunch sake yadi ham ine niyamon ka ullekh karte hain to swayam ke साथ-साथ dusron ko bhi Hani pahunchate Hain/ yatayat ke Pramukh niyam ko sikhane ki sukhata ke anusar do bhagon mein vibhakt kar sakte hain - (1) Suraksha se sambandhit yatayat ke niyam AVN savdhaniyan; (2) vahan chalane ke niyam AVN savdhaniyan/

Pedal, cycle AVN rikshachalak ko hamesha apni line mein arthat Bhai tere per rahana chahie AVN sadak paar karte samay दाएं-बाय dekhne ke bad hi aage badhana chahie vah Satya sadkon per hamesha zebra crossing ka prayog Karna chahie tatha aur mis karte samay kabhi hai na sochana chahie/ ki vahan chalak use dekh raha hai sadak ke sanrachnatmak dhanchagat suvidhaon ka pura upyog ho isliye sabka palan niyam Katha karna avashyak hota hai shortcut ya aasan vikalp khojna khatarnak ho sakta hai/

Vahan chalate samay yatayat ke niyam AVN Suraksha ki jankari ke साथ-साथ vahan chalane ki yogyata umra vah paripakvata ki jankari bhi avashyak Hoti hai/ sadkon per Dil Bata se badhati duphiya aur chaupaiyan vahanon ki bheed ko vyavasthit karne AVN sadak per avashya jagahon per Lage sadak niyam (yatayat niyam) se sambandhit mahatvpurn sanketon ki jankari rakhna bhi avashyak hota hai/

Kyunki Bharat mein varsh 2011 ki avadhi mein lagbhag 4.9800000 sadak durghatna Hui hai jinmen 1,42,485 logon ki mrutyu Hui vahan chalate samay kuchh manavi bhule hote Hain, Dil mein durghatna Ho jaati hai isliye aise tatv per can vivechana ki avashyakta hai/

Bahut teji se gadi chalana, Nashe mein gadi chalana, chalak ka Dhyan bhatkane wali chijen, Lal batti ka ullekh Karna, seat- belt aur helmet Jaise Suraksha sadhanon ki Pariksha lendriving ka palan ne karna aur galat tarike se overtaking karna Aadi karnon se sadak durghatna ki sambhavna badh jaati hai/isliye upryukt nirdeshit samast Bindu per Dhyan kendrit karte hue savdhani bartani chahie vartman mein vahan chalate samay mobile phone ke badhate prayog ke Karan durghatnayen badi hai Suraksha ki Drishti se vahan chalate samay mobile phone ka prayog nahin karna chahie/"

"Kabhi kabhi gadi chalate samay mobile phone holding per Dhyan chale jana Jaisi kriyaen bhi ismein Shamil Hoti hai Jaise gadi ka shisha samayojit karna vahan mein stereo AVN radio ka chalana sadak per janvaron ka a Jana vigyapan per suchna path Aadi chijon se chalak ko apna Dhyan nahin bhang karna chahie aur Marg Parivartan AVN Dhyan hatane wali bahari chijen dekhne ke dauran surakshit Rahane ke liye vahan gati dhimi rakhne ki avashyakta hoti hai/"

Likhit sanket AVN Chitra sanket likhit sanketon mein shabdon angon tatha vakya ka prayog karke avashyak Disha nirdesh kartavya sthanon ka gyan karane tatha sadak yatayat se sambandhit Achanak kisi Parivartan Aadi ki trimur sadak ki marmmat ho rahi hai kripya dhire chale savdhan bacche Hain jaise likhit sankataon ke madhyam se bhi savdhani bartane ke liye aagah Kiya jata hai/prayojan ke Aadhar per Chitra sanketon ko teen shreni mein pradarshit karte Hain-

(1) Khatre ki chetavni Dene Wale sanket. (2) Viniyamak sanket (3) suchnatmak sanket/

Chitra sankaton ka sabse bada Labh hai yah hai ki unmen aasani se dekha samjha aur palan Kiya ja sakta hai pratyek vahan chalak ko nirdeshit chin ko samajhkar hi vahan chalana chahie parivahan vibhag dwara ukt chijon ka Sahi Gyan kara kar hi vahan chalak ko vahan chalane ke liye driving lineses (chalan-anumati-patra) Kiya jata hai parantu uska uchit wala nahin yatayat ko sugam AVN sukhta hi banata hai Chitra sanketon ke Aakar aur rang अलग-अलग hota hai Lal rang ke golakar sanket aadesh mahtmak hote Hain,laurang ke Chitra koniye sanket chetavni Dene Wale hote hain aur neele rang ke sanket suchna padta hai/

Yatayat ke sanket Bhartiya road Congress (IRC) ke dwara jari kiye jaate Hain tatha sanket chinhon aur niyamon ka prayog kar banae jaate Hain jiska anupalan Desh ke sabhi nagrikon se karne ki apeksha ki jaati hai/

Ullekhit paristhiti mein कभी-कभी roadways sadak per jhagada ki sambhavna ban jaati hai jisko vividh sanketon se pahchan kar bacha ja sakta hai udhar nath uttejak vahan chalana Achanak tirwata Lana aur break lagana sadkon per teddy Medi jik Jack driving karna Tirupati mein बार-बार len badalna apni len se Achanak dusre vahanon ke aage apna Bal Lana dusre vahanon ko piche se ya Bagal se takkar maarna vahan ko dusre vahan ke piche ekadam se satakar chalana nirantar Horan bajana hai light place karna/

Vahan chalak ko samajhdari dikhate hue Apne bachav ke liye si sthiti mein ulajhne se bachne ki koshish karni chahie/

Yatayat ke niyam palanharth Bhartiya rashtriy rojgar pradhikaran se sadak Suraksha mein sudhar karne ke liye anek kadam uthae hain jaise sadak furniture sadak chin road marking unnat parivahan pranali ka prayog karte hue rajmarg yatayat prabandh pranali aarambh karna Nirman karya ke dauran thekedari mein anushasan banae rakhna sadak Suraksha aadi/

Not=ispat se vayakaatmak prashn aur sandrbh aadharit prashn nahin puche jaenge/

Bharatendu Harishchandra ka janm San 1850 isvi mein Kashi ke ek sampann  veshya Parivar mein hua tha/nke pita Babu gopalchandra Ji Girdhar Das ke upnaam se Kavita likha karte the alpaayu mein hi Mata pita ka saya inke sharir se uth Gaya, aur ghar ka sara bhoj inke kandhon per a pada inhone Hindi, Marathi, Bangla, Sanskrit aadi bhashaon ka gyan Ghar per hi prapt kiya/

13 varsh ki aayu mein hi banno Devi se Inka Vivah hua Vivah ke bad 15varsh ki avastha main inhone Jagannath Puri ki yatra ki yahin se inke man mein sahitya sarjan ke Ankur fute/inhone Apne sahitya jivan mein anek Patra patrikaon ka sampadan Kiya aur Banaras mein ek college ki sthapna ki/ iske atirikt inhone Hindi sahitya ki Smriti ke liye anek sabha sansthaon ki sthapna bhi ki inhone naya keval Hindi sahitya ki seva varnan Shiksha ke Prasar ke liye dhan jutaya aur din dukhiyon ki bhi sahayata ki inki ISI damshilta ki parivarti ke Karan Inka Chhota Bhai sampatti ka bantwara karke inse alag Ho Gaya/

Is ghatna ka bharatendu ke jivan per viprit prabhav pada aur inhen anek kasht jhelane padenge tirni Ho Gaye apni 35 varsh ki ALP aayu mein inhone 175 granthon ki Rachna karke Hindi sahitya ki mahti seva ki San 1885 isvi mein 35 varsh ki ALP aayu mein Inka nidhan Ho Gaya/

Is prakar ham dekhte hain ki bharatendu Harishchandra ek sath hi Pratibha samplan Kavi natakkar patrakaar aur nibandhkar the Apne ALP jivan kal mein hi inhone itna mahatvpurn karya Kiya ki Inka yog "bharatendu Yug" ke naam se vikhyat ho gaya yah Hindi -sahitya Gagan ke indu hi the/

Hindi bhasha aur sahitya ke Kshetra mein bharatendu ke avismarniy yogdan per Prakash dalte hue su vikhyat pakshatya sahityakar Giri anshan ne uchit hi likha hai-

"Harishchandra hi ekmatra aise sarvshreshth Kavi hai jinhone Anya kisi bhi Bhartiya lekhak ki apeksha desi boli me rachit sahitya ko lokpriya banane mein sarvadhik yogdan Diya"/

Spasht hai ki bharatendu Harishchandra ek Pratibha samand AVN yog pravartak sahityakar the nav varsh ki chhoti aayu mein se hi hai kavitaen likhane Lage the apni ISI vilakshan Pratibha ka Parichay dete hue inhone Hindi sahitya ke Vikas mein Amulya yogdan Diya Keval 18 varsh ki aayu mein inhone Kavi Vachan Sudha Namak patrika ka sampadak AVN Prakashan paryavaran Kiya iske kuchh varshon pakshat inhone Harishchandra mein Jin ka sampadan AVN Prakashan bhi prarambh kar diya/

Bharatendu Harishchandra Kushal nibandhkar bhi the fir bhi natak AVN Kavita ke Kshetra mein hi inki Pratibha ka sarvadhik Vikas hua yah anek Bhartiya bhashaon mein Kavita karte the kintu Braj bhasha per Inka Vishesh Adhikar tha marth bhasha Hindi ke prati inke hriday mein aaghat Prem tha Hindi sahitya ko iSmart banane ke liye inhone naya Keval swayam sahitya ka sarjan Kiya varnan anek lekhakon ko bhi unhone yah kya kar is Disha mein prerit Kiya-

​​​​​​Nij Bhasha unnati ahe, sab unnati ko Mul, 

Binu nij Bhasha Gyan ke, mite na hiy ko shul||

Bharatendu ji ki bahumukhi Pratibha ka parinaam yahi hai ki inhone kavita, natak, nibandh, itihaas, Aadi vishayon per anek pustakon ki Rachna ki/

Iske atirikt Prema adhuri Prem Tarang Dan Leela Prem sarovar tatha Krishna Rachit bhakti tatha Divya Prem ki Bhavna per aadharit rachnaen Hain inmein Shri Krishna ki vividh leelaon ka Sundar varnan hua hai/

Mahakavi Nirala ka janm San 1897 isvi mein Bangal ke Medinipur jile ki mahisagar riyasat mein pandit Ram Sahay Tripathi ke yahan hua tha/ vastav mein inke pita Uttar Pradesh ke Unnao jile ke gadhkola Namak gram ke nivasi the, kintu jivika ke liye Bangal a gaye the/

Inki prarambhik Shiksha mahisadal ke hi vidyalay mein Hui/  inhone swadhyay se hi Hindi, angreji, Sanskrit tatha bangla ka gyan prapt Kiya/ Bachpan se hi inki kushti ghudsavari aur khelon mein atyadhik Ruchi thi balak Suryakant ke sir se Mata -pita ka saya Alpaayu mein hi uth gaya tha/

Nirala Ji ko Bangla aur Hindi-sahitya kaksha Gyan tha/ inhone Sanskrit aur angreji ka bhi paryapt adhyayan kiya/ Bhartiya Darshan mein inki Vishesh Ruchi thi/

Nirala ji ka parivarik jivan atyant asafal aur kasht mein Raha/ ek Putra aur ek putri ko janm dekar inki patni manohara Swarg sidhar ho gai/ Manohar Sangeet AVN Hindi Premi mahila thi iska Nirala pratidin prabhav pada kintu durbhagya se San 1918 isvi mein Manohar ki akaal mrutyu Ho gai/ patni ke virha ke samay hi Inka Parichay pandit mahaveer Prasad Dwivedi se hua/

Pandit mahaveer Prasad Dwivedi ke Sahyog se inhone 'samnvay' aur 'matwala' ka sampadan Kiya/ inki Kavita 'Juhi ki Kali' ne tatkalin Kavya Kshetra mein Kranti utpann Kar di/

Nirala Ji ko Apne akad vyavhar ke Karan jivan mein atyadhik arthik kathinaiyon ka samna karna pada tha arthik do chintaon ke bich hi iski Yuva putri Saroj ka nidhan ho gaya jisse vah vyast hokar inhone 'Saroj ismriti' Namak Kavita likhi ismein inhone Apne dukh purn jivan ki abhivyakti karte hue likha hai/

Dukh hi jivan ki Katha Rahi, 

Kya kahe Aaj Jo nahi Kahi, 

Kan, gat karmon ka Arpan,

Kar sakta main Tera tarpan||

'Saroj Smriti' Hindi Kavya ka sarvshreshth shokkit hai/

Dukh aur kashton ke mare Nirala atyadhik swabhimani vyakti the yah bahut spasht vadhit bhi the ISI Karan yah sadaiv sahitya vivad ka Kendra rahe Juhi ki Kali ki pratishtha ko lekar Inka vivad aur Sangharsh Jag jahir hai Nirala ji Swami Ramkrishna paramhans aur Vivekanand se bahut prabhavit hai inke kavitaen chhayawadi rashtriy vadi aur pragativadi vichardharaon per aadharit ha/15 August San 1961 isvi me Inka nidhan ho gaya/

Mahapuran Nirala ka Uday chhayawadi Kavi ke roop mein hua chhavad ke char stambhon mein Inka mahatvpurn sthan hai inhone Komal AVN Madhur bhav per aadharit chhayawadi Kavya kesarjan se apna Kavya jivan prarambh Kiya, parantu kal ke kurta ne inhen vidrohi Kavi ke roop mein pratishthit kar Diya/

Inke sahitya jivan ka prarambh "janma bhoomi ki Vandana" Namak Kavita ki Rachna se hua San 1929 isvi mein Inka "Saraswati" Patrika mein Pratham lekh prakashit hua/ "Juhi ki Kali" Kavita ki Rachna karke inhone Hindi Jagat mein apni pahchan banaa Li yah Apne samay ki sarvadhik charchit kavita rahe kyunki iske dwara Nirala ne Hindi sahitya mein mukut chhand ki sthapna ki/

Nirala bahumukhi-Pratibha Swaminarayan sahityakar the/Kavita ke atirikt inhone upnyas, kahaniyan, nibandh, aalochana aur sansmaranon ki Rachna bhi ki/ "primal" me sadi- gali manyataon ke prati Tribhuvan tatha nimn varg ke prati inki gehri sahanubhuti spasht dikhai deti hai/

"Gitika" ki mul-bhavana sarangarik hai/ismein prakriti- varnan tatha Desh- Prem ki Bhavna ka Chitran bhi milta hai/"Anamika" main sangrahit rachnaen Nirala ke kalatmak swabhav ki dotak hai/"Ram hi Shakti Puja"main Kavi ka aaj tatha purush prakat hua hai/

Harivansh Rai Ji ka jivan Parichay 

Harivansh Rai Bachchan ka Janam Prayag ek sammanit kayvast Parivar mein San 1960 isvi mein hua tha inke pita ka naam Pratap Narayan tha माता-पिता ke Dan mein Ruchi aur sanskaron ka inke jivan per atyadhik prabhav pada inki prarambhik Shiksha Urdu madhyam se Hui inhone Varanasi v Prayag mein Shiksha prapt ki/

Allahabad vishwavidyalay se angreji mein ma aur Cambridge vishwavidyalay se inhone PhD ki upadhi prapt ki hai anek varshon Tak yah aakashvani ke sahitya karykramon se bhi Jude rahe San 1955 isvi mein yah videsh mantralay mein Hindi vishay ke pad per Asin hue San 1166 isvi mein inhen rajyasabha ka sadasya manoneet Kiya Gaya/

Harivansh Rai Bachchan tatkalin vatavaran se prabhavit hokar Yuva ka kal mein hi padhaai chhodkar rashtriy aandolan mein kud pade arthik dasha theek na hone ke Karan inki patni ko sath diye rok se asam mein nidhan hoga patni ke viyog ne inhen dukh se bhar Diya kintu kuchh samay pakshat inhone teji bacchan se dusra Vivah karke nahin Sukh aur sampannta se paripurn jivan ka aarambh Kiya Allahabad ke is per Uttar ka 18 January san 2019 ko Inka nidhan hoga/

Umar Qayamat ki rupaiyo per aadharit din ki Kriti Madhushala ne inhen sarvadhi ki aspataan Kiya inki Rachna samanya Jan jivan mein atyant log free hue ek prakar se ISI Rachna se hindi mein halahabad Naam se ek nai Yug ka sutrapat hua inhone Hindi Kavya ko saralta purn shaili mein jansadharan Tak pahunchane ka striyon karya Kiya bacchan Ji ne vichardhara ke samavesh dwara Hindi geeton ko Navin Disha pradan ki inke gunon chhayawadi Kavi ke roop mein bhi ki jaati hai manvesanvedhanon ki swabhavik abhivyakti mein ine hai paryapt safalta prapt Hui saralta, subahbhavikta, Sangeeta atmakta, aur marmikta inke Kavya per visheshta hai inki rachnaen paath ko AVN sarojtaon ko Mantra mugdh kar dene mein saksham hai vyaktivadi Kavi hote hue bhi inhone Apne Kavya mein samajik Jan jivan ke manobhav Ko abhivyakti Pradhan ki hai/

Dr Harivansh Rai Bachchan ki Pratham Kavi Kriti Tera har ka Prakash San 1932 isvi mein hua iske pakshat inke Madhushala Madhubala Madhu Kalash yah teenon sangrah prakashit hue Hindi mein halawad ki sangya se abhihit Kiya Gaya Nisha nimantran aur ekank Sangeet mein Kavi ke haddiye ki pida sakar Ho uthi hai yah kripya inki Kavya Rachna mein sammilit hai satrangi AVN Milan Yamini inke Ullas tatha shrangar ras se paripurn geeto ke sangrah hai/

Apne sabhi rachnaon mein Vachan ji ne apni Vivek Tiwari Anubhav ko abhivyakti di hai pata inhen vyaktivadi Kavi kaha ja sakta hai kintu Bangal ka kal aur ISI prakar ke rachnaon mein inhone janjivan ke kriyakalapon AVN manubhav ka bhi prabhavpurn Sundar chitran Kiya hai atah inhen manavtavadi kahane mein bhi koi duvidha nahin hai/

jANM =

Hindi sahitay mei pargati lekhan agrani awam murdhanay vivdan shivmangal singh suman parsidhd kavi awam siksahavid the/ inka janm 5 augest, san 1915 isvi ko uttar pardesh ke unnav jeele ke jhakerpur mei hua tha/ 

Shiksha=

suman ji ki prarambhik siksha unnav jeele mei hi hui/ unhone hindi vishay mei M.A H.D ki upadhi arjit ki/ banaras hindu vishvvidhalay dvara inhe san 1950 isvi dilite . ki upadhi se sammanit kiya gaya/

Vyaktitav awam krititav =

Dr. shivmangal singh suman vishisht partibha ke dhani swatantarta sangram ke seniyo ke deewane, ek sachche deshbhakt the/ unke vyaktitav ki ek mahttavpurn visheshata thi ki ve apni sahjata mei gambhirta ko chipaye rakhte the/ saral swabhav ke dr suman ji apne parshansako se kaha karte the ki mei vivdan nahi ban paya bas uski dehri ko chu bhar paya hu/  ye ek priy adhyapak, kushal parshasak, parkhar chintak aur vicharak the/ bahumukhi partibha ke dhani dr. suman ji ne vibhinn vidhao mei apni lekhani chalai/ inhone 9 kavy sangraho awam varn- vishayo par aadharit kavitao ka lekhan kiya hai, jinme parmukh hai/

kavy sangrah=

Hillon, jeevan ke gaan, yug ka mol, pralay sarjan, vishvas badta hi gaya, vindhyahimachal, mitti ki barat, vani ki vyatha, kate anguntho ki vandanvaare aadi /

kavita=

jal rahe deep, jal rahi jawani patvaar, asanmajas, yugvani, vardan manguga nahi aadi inki kuchch parmukh kavitaye hai/

gadh rachnaye=

gitikavy: udham aur vikas, mahadev ki kavy sadhna/

Naatak=

parkarti purash kaalidas//

Sahityik prichay=

shivmangal ji mukhyat: siksha se aajeewan jude rahe/ inhone san 1968-78 isvi ke doran vikram vishv vidhalay {ujjein} mei kulpati ke rup mei apni sevaye di/ uttar pardesh hindi sansthan lakhnau ke uprashtarpati, san 1956-61 ke doran pres aur sanskartik karykaramo se jude rahe, bhartiy dutavas, kathmandu nepaal, bhartiy vish vidhalay ka sangh aur kaalidas akadmi, ujjein ke karykari adhyaksh the/ 

hindi sahitay mei inke vishisht yogdaan ke liye inko vibhinn sahityik puraskaro se sammanit kiya gaya/ ''mitti ki baarat''  iski parsidhd kavy kriti ke liye san 1974 mei sahitay akadami puraskar diya gaya/ padamsri, padambhushan, soviyat bhumi nehru puraskar, sarkar bharat bharati puraskar aadi anay puraskaro se navaja gaya/

hindi ke mahan sevak, pargativaad ke stambh, shivmangal ji lokpriyta ke shikhar par pahuchane ke baad 27 navmber san 2002 isvi ko dil ka dora padne se chir nidra mei leen ho gaye/ inki mrityu par bharat ke tatkaleen rashtarpati ne kaha tha ki ''dr shivmangal singh suman'' keval hindi kavita mei ek shaktishali hastakshar nahi the; bliki ve apne yug ki samuhik chetna ke sanrakshak nahi the/