Some of the social reformers we have been discussing also criticised caste inequalities Remmohun Roy translated an old Buddhist text that was critical of caste. The Prarthana samaj adhered to the tradition of bhakti that believed in spiritual equality of all castes. In Bombay the paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840 to work for the abolution of caste. Many of these reformers and members of reform associations were people of upper castes. Often, in secret meetings these reformers would violate caste taboos on food and touch in as effort of get rid of the gold of caste prejudice in their lives. There were also others who questioned the injustices of the caste social order. During the course of the nineteenth century christian missionaries began setting up schools for tribal groups and lower caste children these children were thus equipped with some resources toake their way into a changing world at the same time the poor began leaving their villages to look for jobs that were opening up in to cities there was work in the factories that were coming up and jobs in municipalities. You have read about the expansion of cities in chapter 6 think of the new created